A Survey of Emotional Intelligence Applications in Immersive and Non-Immersive Technologies

This paper presents a survey of applications of emotional intelligence (EI) models, including ability EI, mixed EI, and trait EI, in immersive and non-immersive technologies between 2000 and 2024. Emotional intelligence serves a vital role in achieving and remaining in a position of success, personal development, and social relationships. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of relevant EI topics and direct careful consideration of EI in immersive and non-immersive technologies. Our review demonstrates a gap in the use of EI concepts in virtual and video game environments. We observed a trend of educational and mental health applications used to enhance users’ EI skills. Virtual reality and mixed reality can facilitate the introduction of social science and psychology contexts like emotional intelligence. We believe that implementing EI concepts in targeted environments can optimize the user experience in emotional regulation, awareness, emotional resilience, and social interaction.