Performance Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Triangular Patch and Slot Antennas for L-Band Application

This study compares two novel antenna designs for L-band applications at 1.8 GHz: an innovative triangular patch antenna (ITPA) and triangular slot patch antenna (TSPA). Both antennas, with dimensions of 80 mm × 75 mm, were extensively tested through 34 measurements to analyze their return loss and gain properties. The results revealed that the ITPA outperformed the TSPA, achieving a return loss of - 24.5949 dB and a gain of 2.3 dB, compared to the TSPA's - 17.5379 dB return loss and 1.208 dB gain. Both designs demonstrated improvements in the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the two designs (p < 0.05). The ITPA exhibited markedly better performance characteristics than the TSPA for L-band applications, suggesting its potential for improving signal quality and efficiency in wireless communication systems operating in this frequency range.