User Experience Impact of Various User Interfaces on VR Laparoscopy Tasks: A Preliminary Study

Recent advances in immersive technologies have facilitated the development of highly realistic and cost-effective computer-based simulations (CBS) and this has greatly influenced health professions training. Unlike high-end simulators that require specialized devices, keyboards, mice, gamepads, virtual reality (VR) controllers, and 3D-printed custom interfaces facilitate interactions with CBSs. However, given the lack of proper task representation, many questions remain regarding their effects on the user experience. This paper presents usability, cognitive load and presence preliminary study comparing a virtual laparoscope manipulation using a keyboard and mouse, gamepad, VR controllers and a 3D-printed laparoscopic controller.