A Study on Thickness Optimization and Variation in Lead Free Perovskite $\text{CH}_{3}\text{NH}_{3}\text{SnBr}_{3}$

This research explores the potential of CH3NH3SnBr3 as a lead-free alternative in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through SCAPS-1D simulations. PSCs have gathered immense attention for their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication, yet concerns regarding the toxicity and stability of lead-based perovskites persist. The device architecture is composed of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{ITO}/\text{TiO}_{2}/\text{CH}_{3}\text{NH}_{3}\text{SnBr}_{3}/\text{Cu}_{2}\mathrm{O}/\text{Au}$</tex>, where ITO serves as the transparent conductive layer, while <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{TiO}_{2}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Cu}_{2}\mathrm{O}$</tex> act as the electron and hole transport layers, respectively. The thickness of the perovskite layer was varied in equal increments from 100 to 1000 nm. increasing the perovskite layer's thickness has the potential to enhance the device's efficiency Furthermore, simulations examined the impact of parameters such as absorber thickness, interface defect density, temperature, and variations in series resistance and shunt resistance on cell performance. The efficiency of conversion for the device is estimated (efficiency)% at higher thickness. the study indicates that CH3NH3SnBr3 perovskite shows promise as a suitable material for future solar energy applications.