Computational Evaluation of Phytocompounds From Selective Medicinal Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Agents

The distinguishing characteristic of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic hyperglycemia emphasizes the need for safer, more efficient antidiabetic treatments. This study employs computational approaches to explore the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals from medicinal plants as antidiabetic drugs. Molecular docking against phosphorylated insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase and human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) identified eriodictyol (-7.13 kcal/mol) and petunidin (-6.61 kcal/mol) as potent inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the structural stability of these complexes, with root mean square deviation values stabilizing within 2.8-4.5 Å. Binding free energy calculations using Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area evealed strong binding affinities of eriodictyol-IR (ΔG_binding = -44.63 ± 4.05 kcal/mol), and petunidin-DPP-IV complex (ΔG_binding = -49.86 ± 6.13 kcal/mol). Additionally, pharmacokinetic assessments showed that these compounds adhered to Lipinski's rule, with no significant hepatotoxicity or cytotoxicity. These findings underscore the potential of these phytocompounds as antidiabetic candidates, warranting further in vitro and in vivo investigations.