Voltage and Current Universal High-Speed Train Speed Acquisition and Processing Circuit

To address the demands for enhancing the safety and efficiency of high-speed railway train operations, this paper designs and implements a universal amplification and filtering circuit suitable for signals from both current-type and voltage-type speed sensors. This circuit not only effectively processes the speed signals transmitted by the speed sensors, converting them into standardized square wave signals recognizable by an FPGA, but also, through advanced algorithms integrated within the FPGA, achieves precise measurement of the frequency of speed pulses, thereby accurately obtaining the actual operating speed of the train. Additionally, this design introduces a line detection mechanism capable of monitoring and reporting line faults in real-time during the speed pulse acquisition process, significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of the system. Experimental results demonstrate that this circuit improves data accuracy while effectively reducing the false alarm rate, providing robust technical support for the safe operation of high-speed train.