Research on a Grid-Forming Flywheel Energy Storage Model Based on VSG

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into modern power grids, there is an increasing demand for high-performance energy storage systems capable of supporting grid stability. Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), due to their high power density, rapid charge/discharge capabilities, and long service life, have become a promising solution for addressing short-term power fluctuations and providing inertia support. However, traditional Grid-Following (GS) control strategies rely on the strength of the grid, making it difficult to provide adequate voltage and frequency regulation in weak grid or islanded conditions. This paper proposes a Grid-Forming (GF) control strategy for flywheel energy storage systems, enabling the system to autonomously regulate grid voltage and frequency, thereby enhancing system adaptability and performance in scenarios with high renewable energy integration. The study introduces a comprehensive modeling framework for flywheel energy storage systems, incorporating Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) and Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control. MATLAB simulations are used to demonstrate that the proposed control architecture ensures coordinated operation under various grid conditions, including charging, pre-grid connection, and grid-connected modes. This research provides innovative technological solutions for integrating energy storage into future power grids, contributing to the stability and sustainability of renewable energy-driven grids.