Reinterpreting Catuṣkoṭi in Contemporary Philosophy: Tensions between Non-Classical Logic and East Asian Buddhist Soteriology

This study aims to evaluate the reinterpretation of the concept of catuṣkoṭi (tetralemma) in contemporary philosophy, particularly within the discourse of non-classical logic, and to compare it with traditional interpretations found in East Asian Buddhism. The research addresses the tension between modern logical approaches—such as those proposing the addition of a fifth truth value (ineffability)—and soteriological frameworks within traditions like Mādhyamaka, which emphasise the function of liberating individuals from conceptual entanglements. This study employs qualitative methods, incorporating hermeneutic and comparative approaches, along with close textual analysis of classical primary sources, including the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, and the works of East Asian Buddhist philosophers such as Jizang, Zhiyi, Kuiji, and Gomyō. In addition, the research engages with relevant contemporary philosophical texts by figures such as Graham Priest, Jay Garfield, and Adrian Kreutz. The main findings suggest that contemporary logical reconstructions of the catuṣkoṭi risk reducing its soteriological function to a merely paradoxical or conceptual exercise, thus detaching it from its original liberatory context. In contrast, East Asian Buddhist traditions tend to resist the insertion of new logical dimensions, instead preserving the spiritual integrity of the doctrine of śūnyatā (emptiness).