Effect of olanzapine on testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor versus umbelliferone light and electron microscopic study

Olanzapine (OLZ) is one of atypical antipsychotic drugs (second generation) used for treating schizophrenia, manic, and mixed episodes of bipolar disorder. Continuous evaluation of its effects is necessary, and there is a need to explore alternative natural products as G-CSF and UMB to manage potential side effects. This research designed to mitigate the atypical antipsychotic drugs' adverse effects through biochemical analyses, light and electron microscopic studies. Fifty-six rats were divided into five groups: Control, OLZ, G-CSF, UMB, and Recovery groups. End body and testicular weights, serum testosterone, testicular MDA levels, and seminal analysis were recorded. Testicular specimens were processed to evaluate histological structure, PCNA, and CD34 immune expression. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. OLZ group exhibited a distorted testicular structure, a significant increase in end body and a decline in testicular weight, a significant decline in the serum level of testosterone level, testicular MDA, and seminal analysis parameters. Furthermore, disturbed histoarchitecture, reduction in PCNA, and elevation in CD34 immunoreaction were observed. These alterations were partially attenuated by G-CSF therapy, whereas UMB significantly improved all parameters. In conclusion, UMB, and to a lesser degree G-CSF, appeared to be superior therapeutic options by attenuating oxidative stress and restoring intact histological structure and biochemical parameters.