Patients with acute liver failure due to hepatitis B: a case report

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of liver cells by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B is characterized by symptoms such as jaundice, decreased appetite, and abdominal pain. Acute liver failure (ALF) is one of the serious complications of hepatitis B. Previous studies reported that the incidence of acute hepatitis B patients reached 41.7% within 28 days after hospitalization, with high mortality rates on the 28th and 90th days, namely 43.9% and 70.4%. In these patients, they showed classic symptoms of persistent jaundice, nausea, vomiting, pain in the right upper quadrant, and progressive bloating. Extreme elevations in bilirubin and liver enzymes indicate a high level of hepatocyte necrosis, which is common in ALF due to acute HBV infection or reactivation of chronic infection. Patients with a history of hepatitis B develop ALF. ALF due to hepatitis B infection is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis, including identification of classic symptoms such as jaundice, nausea, and abdominal pain, is essential. Management should include combination antiviral and supportive therapy to prevent further complications, including death. With better knowledge and understanding of the disease mechanism and clinical management, it is hoped that the prognosis of patients with this condition can improve in the future.