Translatability and understandability as intrinsic properties of linguistic units (ontological aspects of translation linguistics)

The aim of this research is to systematically organize contemporary theoretical concepts that explore the ontological aspects of translatability and understandability, with a focus on identifying their interconnections with the interpretability of linguistic units. The article analyzes Russian linguistic works devoted to the ontological aspects of translation linguistics, predominantly in the Russian language. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the first identification and systematization of key aspects of the ontology of translation, which previously have not received comprehensive consideration within translation linguistics, and in the proposed inclusion of an ontological approach into the methodology of translation linguistics. Based on the analysis of linguistic studies, the authors formulate original conclusions and propositions, substantiate the concept of translative space, and propose a classification of the mechanisms of translative functioning of linguistic units. The results obtained show that translatability correlates with text understandability and can serve as its marker. The proposition about the translative functioning of language as a special format of speech activity, generating translative micro-fields, is substantiated. This allows us to view language as part of a global interlingual space, where each unit possesses the potential for variable interlingual representation.