Chitosan-based composite scaffolds for accelerated epidermal-dermal wound healing

This review highlights the challenges of current wound healing methods, such as scar formation and limited regeneration, and emphasizes the potential of tissue engineering to address these issues. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant attention in epidermal-dermal wound healing due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile functional properties. This review article delves into the diverse roles of chitosan, with a particular focus on its use as a scaffold material with fine-tunable physicochemical and biological properties for accelerated wound healing. While bare chitosan provides a suitable microenvironment for cell adhesion and proliferation, it exhibits limited mechanical strength and drug-delivery properties. However, combining it with other natural and synthetic polymers and nanoparticles facilitates drug and biosignal delivery and enhances biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the review covers various chemical modifications of chitosan, including quaternization and methacrylation, to improve biocompatibility, water solubility and mechanical strength, for developing advanced wound dressings for effective skin regeneration. The review also discusses various types of smart chitosan hydrogels and the clinical translation of chitosan based scaffolds for wound healing and tissue regeneration applications. Finally, it discusses the integration of 3D bioprinting techniques for creating complex, cell-incorporated scaffolds for advanced wound healing therapies.