Digital financial inclusion and comprehensive multilevel medical insurance system in China

Digital infrastructure in the central and western regions must be strengthened to enhance financial inclusion coverage and service capacity; the depth and quality of financial services in the eastern regions should be improved to optimize the effects of digital finance on the MMIS. Deeper integration between digital financial inclusion and the MMIS should be prompted through technological innovations to improve both equity and sustainability. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to address regional disparities in further developing the MMIS.