Nursing interventions to promote safety in robotic surgery: A systematic literature review

Introduction: The use of robotic surgery has revolutionised surgical procedures, offering benefits such as less blood loss, faster recovery and fewer post-operative complications. However, the increase in surgical time and technical challenges impose the need for systematic perioperative nursing interventions to guarantee patient safety and the efficiency of the process. Aim: To systematise the nursing interventions in the pre-, intra- and post-operative phases of robotic surgery that generate safety in the perioperative period. Method: Systematic literature review using the Joanna Briggs Collaboration methodology and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library databases were searched and 16 primary and secondary studies published between January 2014 and May 2024 were included. The data were extracted and analysed independently by two reviewers. Results: Nursing interventions in the pre-operative phase were characterised by rigorous technical preparation, effective communication and the use of checklists. In the intra-operative phase, team communication and coordination, proper patient positioning and the use of support surfaces were crucial. In the post-operative phase, continuous monitoring, pain management, self-care training and emotional and educational support were identified as fundamental. Conclusion: Nursing interventions play a crucial role in the safety and effectiveness of perioperative care in robotic surgery. Continuous training, technological adaptation and the use of systematic approaches are essential to maximise the benefits of this technology, as well as promoting patient safety and wellbeing.