A Simple Seven-Step Operative Method for Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation

Introduction: Living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) addresses the significant shortage of cadaveric donors for kidney transplantation (KT). Since living kidney donors (LKDs) are healthy individuals, LDKT surgery must be safe and minimally invasive. Therefore, the development of a simple surgical method to avoid peri- and postoperative complications is essential. Herein, we present a simple seven-step operative method for left- and right-hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) in a step-by-step manner.