Appraisal of germination behavior and activity in newly developed rice lines

Rice is a fundamental food source for more than half of the global population. This study evaluated the germination capacity of four rice lines [Sakh (V1), Campena (V2), Kharamana (V3), and Binicol (V5)] and one local variety, KSK-282 (V5). The findings revealed significant differences in the germination attributes among the rice lines. V1 and V3 showed superior germination performance, while V5 consistently exhibited the lowest values. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) across multiple parameters, including the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), germination index, mean germination rate (MGR), and synchronization index. A significant variation (p ≤ 0.05) in the CVG, was observed among the studied rice lines and variety, with V1 exhibiting the maximum value and V5 showing the opposite. V1 demonstrated the highest germination values and rapid germination times, whereas V5 had the slowest and least effective germination. Post statistical analysis of the data (p ≤ 0.05) revealed a significant decrease in the time to 75% germination for V1, which exhibited the least time to germinate, while V5 and V3 exhibited longer time taken for germination. The MGR was also assessed to gauge the difference among the studied rice lines. ANOVA unveiled substantial differences (p ≤ 0.05) across all the rice lines, in which V1 displayed the maximum MGR, and V5 displayed the minimum. The results highlight the importance of selecting rice lines with strong germination characteristics for improving crop resilience and yield. These insights are valuable for breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance to stresses and optimizing rice production.