Enhancing Energy Storage Efficiency: Advances in Battery Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in the global transition toward sustainable transportation with lithium‐ion batteries and battery management systems (BMS) play critical roles in safety, efficiency, and reliability. This review synthesizes advancements in battery technologies and BMS functionalities, highlighting challenges such as thermal management, state estimation, cell balancing, and fault diagnosis. It explores emerging battery chemistries including solid‐state and sodium‐ion batteries, thermal regulation techniques, preheating strategies, recycling methods, second‐life applications, and advanced energy recovery systems examined for their potential to enhance battery performance and lifecycle sustainability. The integration of cutting‐edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, and advanced data analytics, is revolutionizing BMS capabilities. These technologies enable high‐precision monitoring, predictive analytics, and optimized energy management, enabling integration of EVs into complex energy networks through vehicle‐to‐grid, vehicle‐to‐home, and smart grid systems. By synthesizing current research and identifying critical gaps, this paper guides the development of EV technologies. It underscores the significant contributions of integrating advanced technologies into BMS and clarifies the extensive benefits of such advancements. The methodologies and findings of the study are poised to enhance energy sustainability and efficiency, setting a benchmark for future advancements in the field.