Defining soil science: Balancing fundamental research and societal needs

Abstract Soil science is at a critical juncture in defining its disciplinary identity. This paper critically examines a recent proposal to define the field primarily through its societal contributions, arguing that such an approach risks constraining soil science's scientific identity. By analyzing historical perspectives and drawing parallels with other scientific disciplines, we demonstrate that transformative solutions often emerge from fundamental research. We propose a definition that positions soil science as a natural science studying the complex planetary surfaces, encompassing both living and nonliving systems, and maintaining intellectual freedom while remaining responsive to environmental challenges.