Shades of blue: the regional structure of the ocean economy in Brazil

This study quantifies the contributions of Brazil’s blue economy and explores the economic interdependence between coastal and hinterland regions through interregional linkages. Employing a multi-level approach, we analyze municipality and state-level data on ocean-related activities. Using an interstate input–output model, we estimate the value chains of the blue economy, offering a deeper understanding of its systemic impacts. This study addresses gaps in national, regional, and local assessments, providing insights for more tailored policy interventions across Brazil’s diverse coastal regions. As Brazil works towards achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 by 2030, our analysis underscores the structural diversity and regional disparities within the blue economy. We advocate for the coordination of sector and region-specific policies, emphasizing the importance of an integrated regional approach. Such an approach recognizes the interconnectedness of coastal economies, addressing shared challenges and leveraging regional strengths for sustainable development.