Religious Radicalization in Sri Lanka: The Interaction Between Buddhist and Islamic Radicalization and Its Impact on Social Life

This research aims to examine Buddhist and Islamic radicalization in Sri Lanka, focusing on how Buddhist radicalization preceded Islamic radicalization and its impact on the social cohesion and politics of the country. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, analysing data from relevant literature, political documents, religious texts, and media reports. The analysis was conducted using a thematic approach to identify key patterns related to ethnic identity, religious politics, and inter-religious tensions. The research findings indicate that the radicalization of Buddhism, rooted in the ideology of Sinhala-Buddhism, has generated social tensions that have worsened relations between Buddhists and Muslims, which, in turn, has fueled radicalization within the Muslim community. The rise of the National Thowheed Jama'ath (NTJ) in response to anti-Muslim violence is a clear example of Islamic radicalization triggered by the politicization of religion and the injustice faced by Muslims in Sri Lanka. This study highlights how the radicalization of majority religions can create fertile ground for the radicalization of minority religions. The implications of this research offer important insights into how religious radicalization can exacerbate social and political polarization in a multi-ethnic country. The research also suggests the importance of inclusive policies and interfaith dialogue to reduce sectarian tensions and promote social peace. The originality of this research lies in its deeper understanding of the relationship between Buddhist and Islamic radicalization in Sri Lanka, an area that has been previously underexplored, and its contribution to the study of religious radicalization in a unique local context.