Pentraxin 3 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening neurological disorder with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating the identification of prognostic risk factors to optimize clinical management and improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical and biochemical markers, including pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels, and the prognosis in patients with aSAH. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, data on 65 aSAH patients treated from March 2020 to March 2023 were analyzed. All patients underwent endovascular coiling within 24 hours of symptom onset. Risk factors assessed included demographic characteristics, clinical severity based on Hunt-Hess, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), and modified Fisher (mFisher) grading scales, and CSF PTX3 levels. Patients were followed for 3 months after treatment, with outcomes evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS Multiple clinical and biochemical risk factors were associated with poor prognosis in aSAH patients. High initial scores on Hunt-Hess, WFNS, and mFisher grading scales were strongly correlated with adverse 3-month outcomes (P<0.001). Elevated PTX3 levels in the CSF were also observed in patients with severe clinical presentation and poor recovery (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified high initial severity scores and elevated CSF PTX3 levels as independent predictors of poor 3-month outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study elevated CSF PTX3 levels correlate closely with clinical severity scores and independently predict poor prognosis in aSAH, supporting PTX3 as a reliable inflammatory biomarker for prognostic evaluation.