Poliovirus shedding after sequential immunization of Sabin-strain inactivated polio vaccines and oral attenuated polio vaccines

The identification of poliovirus in stool samples post-Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) immunization is essential for implementing post-eradication monitoring of poliomyelitis. This research presents the inaugural assessment of the virus shedding rate and the genetic diversity of OPV shedding strains across different Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)-OPV sequential immunization schedules. Our findings revealed that the shedding rate of different serotypes in each sequential immunization groups peaked within 7 days following the initial administration of OPV, and then gradually decreased. Prior vaccination with OPV reduced the rate and shortened the duration of virus shedding. Additionally, we observed a slight increase in the shedding rate of type3 after the removal of type2 from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV). The comprehensive analysis of the whole-genome high-throughput sequencing results for the shedding strain revealed that the variation sites among samples from different sequential immunization groups were distributed throughout the entire genome. The mutation frequencies within the 5'NCR, 2 C, 3 A, 3 C, and 3D regions were elevated of type1 and type3, while type2 had higher frequencies within the 5'NCR, VP1 and 3D regions. Consequently, it is imperative to expedite the transition from OPV to IPV, and to discontinue OPV as soon as wild poliovirus strains and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPVs) are eliminated.

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Publication Details

Journal
npj Vaccines
Published
2025-04-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01134-9
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.78

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article

Poliovirus shedding after sequential immunization of Sabin-strain inactivated polio vaccines and oral attenuated polio vaccines

Ping Ling, Zhaojun Mo, Qiuyan Ji, Jiana Wen et al.
2 citations
npj Vaccines
Viral Infections and Immunology Research
2.78
article

Poliovirus shedding after sequential immunization of Sabin-strain inactivated polio vaccines and oral attenuated polio vaccines

Ping Ling, Zhaojun Mo, Qiuyan Ji, Jiana Wen, Wenzhu Hu, Yuting Fu, Hongwei Liao, Qinghai Yang, Guang Ji, Ming-xue Xie, Xiaoyue He, Jing Pu, Zhimei Zhao, Yunlong Fu, Changgui Li, Na Gao, Yu Wen, Hongbo Chen, Jiangli Liang, Yan Deng, Wei Yang, Dingkai Wei, Xiaochang Liu, Junhui Tao, Li Shi, Qiongzhou Yin, Xiaolei Yang, Qin Gu, Ruiju Jiang, Jing Li, Xiaoyu Wang, Guoliang Li, Yi Li, Jian Zhou, Jingyan Li, Lei Yue, Chu Han, Lei Yu, Chao Hong, Rufei Ma, Hui Ye, Yan Ma, Ting Zhao, Lukui Cai, Jingsi Yang, Zhifang Ying, Teng Huang, Jianfeng Wang, Wei Cai
article en
2 citations

Abstract

The identification of poliovirus in stool samples post-Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) immunization is essential for implementing post-eradication monitoring of poliomyelitis. This research presents the inaugural assessment of the virus shedding rate and the genetic diversity of OPV shedding strains across different Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)-OPV sequential immunization schedules. Our findings revealed that the shedding rate of different serotypes in each sequential immunization groups peaked within 7 days following the initial administration of OPV, and then gradually decreased. Prior vaccination with OPV reduced the rate and shortened the duration of virus shedding. Additionally, we observed a slight increase in the shedding rate of type3 after the removal of type2 from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV). The comprehensive analysis of the whole-genome high-throughput sequencing results for the shedding strain revealed that the variation sites among samples from different sequential immunization groups were distributed throughout the entire genome. The mutation frequencies within the 5'NCR, 2 C, 3 A, 3 C, and 3D regions were elevated of type1 and type3, while type2 had higher frequencies within the 5'NCR, VP1 and 3D regions. Consequently, it is imperative to expedite the transition from OPV to IPV, and to discontinue OPV as soon as wild poliovirus strains and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPVs) are eliminated.

npj VaccinesVol. 10(1)
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN), Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CN), Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (CN), Liu Zhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CN), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (CN), Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CN), Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Viral Infections and Immunology Research
2.78
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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