The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Computer Architecture: From Algorithms to Hardware Optimization

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the design and evolution of modern computer architectures. This article explores the dynamic relationship between AI algorithms and hardware, focusing on how neural networks have driven the development of specialized processors such as GPUs, TPUs, and neuromorphic chips. Through comparative analysis, performance benchmarking, and model-hardware interaction, the study highlights the transition from general-purpose computing systems to AI-optimized platforms. It also addresses emerging challenges related to scalability, energy efficiency, and security. The findings call for deeper interdisciplinary collaboration between AI researchers and hardware engineers to build systems that are both high-performing and sustainable in the age of intelligent computing.