Preparation of Highly Efficient and Stable All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells in Atmosphere Environment

All-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites have significant potential for applications in the photovoltaic field. However, during their preparation, the slow evaporation rate of the precursor solution limits the extent of solution supersaturation, leading to porous perovskite films that substantially impair device performance. Anti-solvent engineering, which introduces a secondary solvent to modulate the crystallization process, is a well established technique in perovskite photovoltaic research. This study systematically examines the effects of four different anti-solvents on perovskite films and corresponding devices. It also investigates the optimal dipping-time of (trifluoromethyl)benzene as an anti-solvent, as well as the impact of varying amounts of anti-solvent additive perfluorinated acid. The optimized devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 12.68%.