Research on Distributed Smart Home Energy Management Strategies Based on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM)

Home energy optimization management improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces electricity costs through intelligent load control, strategic utilization of time-of-use pricing, and optimized integration of energy storage and distributed energy systems. Simultaneously, it enhances energy autonomy, lowers carbon emissions, and promotes sustainable low-carbon lifestyles. By coordinating demand response programs with flexible load scheduling strategies, this approach effectively reduces peak loads and improves grid stability, thereby advancing smart grid development. This paper investigates the optimized scheduling problem in smart home energy management systems, focusing on achieving integrated optimization of multiple factors, including load balancing, cost control, carbon emission reduction, user comfort, and demand response. Considering the diverse load characteristics of residential energy systems, we propose a novel optimization framework incorporating dynamic pricing mechanisms and intelligent scheduling algorithms, which is rigorously validated through simulation experiments. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling strategy successfully balances economic efficiency, load management, and environmental sustainability while maintaining acceptable user comfort levels—providing a comprehensive solution for intelligent home energy management systems.