Energy trap dynamics and thermoluminescent behaviour of Sm3+-doped LaCa4O(BO3)3 under variable conditions

This study systematically explores the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Sm 3+ -doped LaCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (LaCOB) phosphors, with emphasis on the effects of doping concentration, beta irradiation dose, and heating rate . The LaCOB host matrix, composed of borate-based compounds, is recognized for its thermal stability and efficient energy transfer characteristics. TL measurements conducted at a heating rate of 2 °C/s revealed three well-defined glow peaks at ∼81, 138, and 298 °C, respectively. The most favorable TL intensity was obtained at a doping concentration of 0.5 wt%, beyond which concentration quenching effects became prominent. Dose-response analyses exhibited both linear and super-linear trends, indicating potential for broad-range dosimetric applications. A notable increase in the integrated TL glow curve area with increasing heating rate was observed, suggesting a suppression of non-radiative pathways, possibly due to efficient charge carrier trapping and recombination mechanisms . The material also demonstrated remarkable reusability and thermal stability across repeated irradiation–readout cycles, reinforcing its potential for reliable radiation dosimetry . Kinetic analyses conducted via Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) yielded activation energies in the range of 0.85–1.82 eV, confirming the presence of multiple trapping centers with stable thermal behavior. • Three TL glow peaks at ∼81 °C, 138 °C, and 298 °C linked to distinct energy traps. • Unusual increase in glow curve area with rising heating rates defying quenching trends. • 0.5 wt% Sm 3+ doping gives peak TL intensity; higher levels show quenching effects. • Dose-response shows linear and super-linear behavior over wide radiation ranges. • Excellent reusability with stable TL intensity across multiple readout cycles.