Sustainable Substrate Design for High-Performance Wi-Fi Antennas in Green Electronics

Microstrip patch antennas are important parts of modern wireless communication systems because of their compact size, high efficiency, and versatility. In this paper, the effect of the properties of the substrate material on the performance of coaxial-feed rectangular microstrip patch antennas operating within the Wi-Fi band (2.4–2.485 GHz) is investigated. A comparative analysis was thus carried out on substrates such as FR-4 and RT Duroid 5870 using CST Studio Suite, evaluating gain, directivity, bandwidth, and return loss. This shows that low dielectric substrates, such as those of Rogers 5870, offer better performance since they provide optimal impedance matching, increased gain, and least return loss, thereby recommended for high-frequency applications. This study underlines the importance of substrate optimization in designing energy-efficient and green antennas for next-generation technologies such as 5G, IoT, and wireless sensor networks in the context of green electronics and sustainable communication systems.