The Role of Collagen Supplementation in Improving Skin Quality and Joint Function: Mechanisms of Action, Effectiveness, and Future Research Directions

Introduction Collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in the human body and the most prevalent component of the extracellular matrix. It provides mechanical support and guides tissue development. It is fundamental in maintaining elasticity, hydration, and overall structural integrity of the skin. Collagen is also essential for joint health, contributing to cartilage resilience and mobility. However, natural collagen synthesis declines with age, exacerbated by environmental factors such as UV radiation, environmental factors, lifestyle, and oxidative stress, leading to visible skin ageing and joint degeneration. Methods and Materials This study utilises data from databases such as PubMed, Frontiers, and Google Scholar to analyse the effectiveness of collagen supplementation in improving skin and joint health. A systematic review of clinical trials and in vitro studies was conducted to explore mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and outcomes associated with various forms of collagen supplementation. Conclusions Evidence indicates that hydrolysed collagen improves skin elasticity, hydration, and wrinkle reduction by stimulating fibroblast activity. Additionally, it supports joint health by promoting cartilage regeneration and reducing inflammation, particularly in conditions like osteoarthritis. The evidence for the positive impact of supplementing good quality collagen on the condition of the skin and musculoskeletal system is increasing. Further research into long-term effects and personalised supplementation strategies is necessary to optimise clinical outcomes.