A Statistical Approach to Surface SAR Fleet Distribution Optimization: A Case Study of Croatian Waters

The objective of this research paper is to propose a novel approach to the spatial distribution of the surface Search and Rescue (SAR) units in Croatian territorial waters using the A* algorithm. The developed model identifies the shortest route between maritime accident sites and the proposed locations of SAR facilities. Croatian waters, dotted with scattered small islands and frequent summer maritime accidents, were used as a case study for model testing. Based on the specified parameters and operational requirements, the study suggests 35 optimal locations for the surface SAR fleet within the area of responsibility of the Croatian SAR service, considering the limitations discussed in the study. The aim of this paper is not to present a comprehensive solution involving multiple subsystems (surface, aerial, and surveillance units). Instead, its focus is surface search as the initial approach. This method for determining surface SAR unit distribution is not restricted to a specific area, making it suitable for various locations worldwide.