Cross-cultural adjustment of Chinese expatriates to Pakistan: investigating the role of social support as a moderator

This study uses social capital theory to understand the role of social support (emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal) among Chinese expatriates' adjustment experiences in Pakistan. It uses a qualitative design to analyze semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 30 Chinese expatriates working in Pakistan. After verbatim transcription of all the interviews, data were analyzed using "MAXQDA 20" software. Results indicate that Chinese expatriates have challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, and work-style related issues. Due to cordial government-to-government relations, the acceptability of the Chinese by the locals in Pakistan and their social support helped them overcome adjustment challenges. The present study suggests that host organizations should encourage their Chinese expatriates' interactions with the locals through different channels, enabling them to respond better to cross-cultural challenges within and outside organizations. This study recommends that such interactions could minimize cultural gaps and enhance the effectiveness of the Belt and Road Initiative and its flagship project, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.