What Is Taught Versus What Is Learned: Health Advocacy in Specialist Graduate Medical Education

Trainees struggled to understand what activities comprise HA because it was not prioritized in their programs or they encountered highly variable role modeling. Trainees who participated in HA activities experienced difficulties integrating HA into their overall clinical skill set due to a lack of institutional support. Health advocacy training requires consideration of structural and cultural reinforcements, including the adoption of curricula that integrate it with daily clinical care and address hidden curriculum effects.