Liraglutide-induced oral hyperpigmentation: a case report and review of management strategies

A 41-year-old female patient with no significant past medical history presented with asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosal surfaces, noticed over two months. The onset of hyperpigmentation coincided with the use of Liraglutide injections for weight §mg. The patient was also taking ferrous sulfate supplements for the past two months without prior adverse effects. Physical examination revealed multiple hyperpigmented macules on the bilateral buccal mucosa, lower gingiva, lower alveolar mucosa, and anterior tongue, along with mild lip hyperpigmentation. Laboratory tests, including thyroid function and serology, were normal. Histopathological examination showed chronic interface mucositis. The patient was treated with topical tacrolimus 0.03% cream, applied once daily, resulting in significant improvement within one week. This case suggests a possible link between Liraglutide and oral hyperpigmentation, highlighting the importance of considering medication-induced etiologies in such presentations. Additionally, using lip balm with SPF is recommended to prevent further pigmentation.