BIOENGINEERING OF THE OPTIMIZED BIOSYNTHESIS OFCOMMERCIALLY VITAL MENAQUINONE (MK) - TECHNOADVANCED APPLICATIONS

Menaquinone, also known as Vitamin K2, is a crucial fat-soluble vitamin for blood clotting and osteoporosis prevention.It is extensively utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries and has attracted a lot of research interest.Menaquinone is found in fish, meat, and vegetables, and can be produced through fermentation by bacteria, which can improve blood coagulation and bone health.Modern genetic and fermentation techniques allow for precise control over the production process, optimizing yields and developing high-quality products.Advances in genetic engineering also offer opportunities to enhance the productivity of Bacillus strains in vitamin K biosynthesis.Liquid fermentation has been developed to improve cell development pace and reduce fermentation duration.Researchers have improved the production of menaquinone through mutagenesis, screening techniques, optimizing culture conditions, and product secretion.Novel oxygen supply systems and innovative bioreactor designs could enhance menaquinone synthesis and address foaming during liquid fermentation.This study will provide an overview of its functions, biosynthesis routes, enzymes, challenges in large-scale microbial production, techniques like strain mutagenesis, genetic alteration, growth modes, fermentation, and separation procedures.Menaquinone is highly promising in the market, with several companies successfully industrializing its manufacturing.The future potential of microbial menaquinone synthesis should be examined considering existing advancements and obstacles.