Global burden of pneumoconiosis from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis of incidence, mortality, and socio-demographic inequalities in 204 countries and territories

The global incidence of pneumoconiosis increased from 42,187.99 cases in 1990 to 62,866.45 cases in 2021, accompanied by a rise in mortality rates. Notably, the burden of pneumoconiosis remains disproportionately higher among men than women across nearly all regions. The highest incidence and mortality rates were recorded in the age group of 80 years and older, with a pronounced gender disparity, particularly in East Asia and High-income North America. These rates were generally elevated in low-income and lower-middle-income regions, where males exhibited significantly higher ASIR and ASDR compared to females. No correlation was found between the SDI values and the pneumoconiosis burden. Additionally, absolute inequality among SDI countries decreased from 1990 to 2021, whereas relative inequality demonstrated an upward trend during the same period.