Psychological characteristics of the rural poor from self-assessment and external assessment perspectives and their association with socio-demographic factors

From both self-assessment and external assessment perspectives, significant differences were observed between the poor and non-poor populations in terms of their evaluations on traits of retractability, grit, and stubbornness. This indicates that there is a notable disparity between the poor individuals' own perceptions and cognitions and the external evaluations they receive. The socio-demographic factors of rural poor individuals contribute only 5.2% to the variance in the formation of their psychological traits. This suggests that the deeper socio-cultural roots underlying the formation of psychological traits in the poor population await further exploration.