Broken Heart Syndrome

Broken heart syndrome is a medical illness that is characterised by temporary left ventricular failure without severe coronary artery disease. It is sometimes referred to as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Acute myocardial infarction-like symptoms are usually mimicked when it manifests itself in reaction to emotional or physical pressures. A myocardial shocking surge caused mainly by an increase in catecholamines largely affects the apical portions of the left ventricle in the pathophysiology of broken heart syndrome. The clinical presentation, electrocardiographic alterations, cardiac biomarkers, and imaging tests like echocardiography are frequently combined to make the diagnosis. Most patients recover ventricular function within weeks to months, and the prognosis is generally favourable. On the other hand, issues like ventricular rupture and, in rare instances, cardiac failure and arrhythmias can happen. Beta-blockers are advised to prevent recurrence, and supportive care and treating underlying stressors are the main goals of management. The present understanding of broken heart syndrome is examined in this review, with a focus on its clinical importance, difficulties in diagnosis, and management approaches.