AN OVERVIEW OF GREEN ALGAE-BASED BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The pursuit of a sustainable energy source has sparked interest in green algae-based biofuels, which offer enormous promise as a substitute for fossil fuels. Algae biodiesel production is eco-friendly, and if cultivation and extraction methods are optimized, it can also prove to be an economically beneficial process. Because of their exceptionally rapid growth rates, green algae can amass significant amounts of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. These bioenergetic precursors can then be transformed into biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel. Wastewater treatment allows for the simultaneous generation of biomass and wastewater treatment by growing different kinds of algae on nutrients found in wastewater. By lowering nutrient contamination in water bodies, this dual function helps meet energy needs while also restoring the ecosystem. To improve biomass yield and quality, many cultivation systems have been studied, such as closed photobioreactors and open ponds. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome before algal biofuels can be commercialized. These obstacles include high production costs and complicated processing techniques. According to recent research studies, it indicates that certain microalgae species can yield biodiesel amounts exceeding 96%, demonstrating their efficiency compared to traditional biofuel sources. Future initiatives have to concentrate on increasing yield, enhancing economic feasibility, and guaranteeing environmental safety throughout the manufacturing procedures. This review paper explores algae's potential as a renewable energy source, emphasizing how they can help with environmental pollution and the world's energy needs. It talks about the biochemical processes that turn algal biomass into biofuels, the difficulties encountered during production, and the potential applications of algae in sustainable energy production in the future.