The Knowledge and Awareness of Parents Regarding Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a long-term sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep among children. These interruptions result from blockages in the upper airways, causing decreased oxygen intake and disturbed sleep. Assessing parents' awareness level and the factors affecting their knowledge is vital for enhancing early diagnosis and management of POSA. <b>Methods</b>: This was a cross-sectional study that utilized data from a sample of 838 parents in the Central Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The participants completed self-administered online surveys, which ensured anonymity. <b>Results</b>: Only 320 (38.2%) of the parents demonstrated good knowledge about POSA, while the majority, 518 (61.8%), had poor knowledge. Nearly a third, 261 (31.2%), of the parents indicated that their primary sources of information on POSA were the internet and social media platforms. The prevalence of OSA among children was quite significant, with nearly a quarter, 236 (28.2%), of parents having a child affected by the condition. Commonly recognized symptoms included snoring, reported by 425 (50.7%), and mouth breathing, reported by 156 (18.6%). Frequently cited risk factors included obesity, mentioned by 373 (44.5%), and enlarged tonsils, mentioned by 175 (20.9%). A statistically significant association was found between age, gender, marital status, education level, specialization/work, source of knowledge about POSA, knowing someone with OSA, and having a child with OSA and the level of knowledge about POSA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The study identified several significant factors predicting poor parental awareness of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) including gender [AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.220-2.223; <i>p</i> = 0.001], source of knowledge about pediatric obstructive sleep apnea [AOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.167-1.572; <i>p</i> < 0.001], and knowing someone with OSA [AOR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.301-2.832; <i>p</i> = 0.001]. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study revealed that parents in the Central Region had limited knowledge about POSA. There were notable gaps in recognizing and understanding the symptoms of POSA and its impact on children's mental health and academic performance. This underscores the importance of introducing targeted educational programs and initiatives for both parents and healthcare providers to enhance children's mental health and overall well-being.