Investigating the Correlation Between THBS2 Expression and Metastasis in Breast Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

Thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) plays a pivotal role in regulating tumor progression and metastasis. This study investigates the expression of THBS2 in breast cancer tissue and its correlation with tumor grade and localization in core and marginal regions of the tumor. An observational, retrospective study was conducted on 100 archived breast cancer tissue specimens, comprising 48 grade 1, 37 grade 2, and 15 grade 3 tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate THBS2 expression, and the extent and intensity of staining were scored by two independent observers. Statistical comparisons between core and marginal regions, as well as between tumor grades, were analyzed. Results demonstrated a significant increase in THBS2 expression with tumor grade, with grade 3 tumors showing the highest levels of positivity. Additionally, marginal tissue regions exhibited consistently higher THBS2 staining compared to core regions, irrespective of tumor grade. These findings suggest that THBS2 is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, with a pronounced role at the invasive tumor margins. The differential expression of THBS2 across tumor grades and tissue regions highlights its potential as a biomarker for breast cancer aggressiveness and metastatic potential. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the mechanistic role of THBS2 in breast cancer progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.