The relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and Apolipoprotein A‑1 ratio on short-term prognosis in STEMI patients following PCI: a retrospective study

The ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients tend to experience cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the prognosis remains suboptimal. The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between the ratio of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/Apolipoprotein A1 (HbA1c/ApoA-1) and the short-term prognosis in STEMI patients following PCI. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 182 patients diagnosed with STEMI following PCI and admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and June 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and a comparative analysis of baseline characteristics was performed. The significant correlation between HbA1c/ApoA-1 with short-term MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI were determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Different models and Subgroup analysis demonstrated that HbA1c/ApoA-1 was independent risk factor for MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI and exhibited high stability. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) value were utilized to validate the predictive value of HbA1c/ApoA-1 in forecasting outcomes among STEMI patients post-PCI, with an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI: 0.68-0.86), sensitivity of 85.7%, and specificity of 56.8%. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was employed to evaluate the potential non-linear relationship between HbA1c/ApoA-1 levels and MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI. Our results demonstrated high and significant correlation between HbA1c/ApoA-1 and short-term prognosis, and indicated that HbA1c/ApoA-1 was independent risk factor for MACEs in STEMI patients following PCI and possessed significant predictive value, facilitating the early identification of high-risk cohorts and the anticipation of MACEs.