Preparation of g-C ₃ N ₄ and Application in the Photocatalytic Decoloration of Dermacid Red

Introduction: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalytic material due to its unique structural and electronic properties that enhance photocatalytic activity under UV light. Its layered structure and suitable electronic configuration facilitate the generation of reactive species necessary for catalyzing reactions, such as the degradation of azo dyes, organic pollutants, and hydrogen production. Aim: The aim of the present manuscript is the preparation of g-C3N4 using different methods and educts and the use of the prepared materials for the decoloration of dermacid red. Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4 materials, focusing on the impact of different synthesis and exfoliation methods on their performance, particularly in the degradation of the azo dye Dermacid Red. Methods: Characterization techniques such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to confirm the successful synthesis of the materials and to outline structural differences originating from variations in the synthesis process. The photocatalytic performance was assessed using a customdesigned photocatalytic reactor equipped with UV lamps. Results and Discussion: The study reveals that photocatalytic efficiency significantly depends on the material's properties, with chemical and ultrasonic exfoliation methods resulting in a substantial increase in efficiency. Notably, after just four minutes of exposure, complete degradation of the azo dye was achieved, highlighting the g-C3N4 material's potential for practical applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation processes. Conclusion: The consistent results obtained across varying sample preparations further substantiate the reliability of the synthesized materials. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of effective photocatalysts, paving the way for their integration into various industrial processes aimed at pollution reduction and sustainable practices.