Elucidating predictors of preoperative acute heart failure in older people with hip fractures through machine learning and SHAP analysis: a retrospective cohort study

This study successfully developed a predictive model based on machine learning that accurately predicts the risk of AHF in older people with hip fractures before surgery. The application of SHAP enhanced the model's interpretability, providing a powerful tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients and take appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures in preoperative management.