Morphological and histopathological characteristics of primary colon neoformations

Introduction. Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the top three causes of death from neoplasms. CRC represents a heterogeneous group of tumors, manifested both by clinical signs and the pathogenesis of its development. Most colorectal carcinomas develop from preexisting adenomas. The aim of this article is to assess the histopathological aspects and variants of primary colon neoformations in correlation with their location and morphological characteristics. Material and methods. Prospective clinical study based on the analysis of treatment outcomes in 255 patients with colonic and rectal neoformations, treated in the Nicolae Anestiadi Surgery Department No.1, Institute of Emergency Medicine, between 2018 and 2022. The mean age was 61.3±1.05 years. There were 145 (56.9%) men and 110 (43.1%) women, with a male to female ratio of 1.31:1. The following qualitative nominal variables were analyzed: location, number, dimensions, tumor appearance, histopathological type, and degree of tumor extension. Results. Through imaging, colonoscopy, and intraoperative methods, 255 patients with colonic neoformations were identified. Upon analyzing these subjects, 77 (30.2%) patients were diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of the colon or rectum with various histological types, and 178 (69.8%) patients were diagnosed with precursor lesions of malignancy. Conclusions. The detailed analysis of the morphopathological characteristics of the tumor formations, in addition to confirming the malignancy, provides important information for establishing the therapeutic attitude.