Myofibrillogenesis: formation of the contractile apparatus of muscle cells (Literature review. Issues of integration between research disciplines)

Background. Myofibrillogenesis is a critical process for the normal functioning of muscle cells, as the ability of muscles to contract and perform basic physiological functions depends on its efficiency. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate myofibril formation is important for fundamental biology and biomedicine. Disorders in myofibrillogenesis can lead to various myopathies and other diseases associated with muscle dysfunction. Objective: The objective of this review is to study and form a comprehensive understanding of the latest concepts in the interaction of myofibrillogenesis mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels, including the study of genetic regulation, synthesis and organization of contractile proteins, cytoskeletal organization, and intercellular interactions ensuring myofibril stability and functional integration. Methods: Systematic search of scientific publications in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Utilization of atlases and methodological materials from leading universities specializing in morphology. Analysis of virtual preparations using key methods such as fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and genetic modification techniques. Results: Myofibrillogenesis involves genetic regulation, synthesis and organization of contractile proteins, cytoskeletal framework formation, sarcomere organization, intercellular interactions, and mechanotransduction. Myofibrils mature through intercellular interactions and interactions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. Conclusion: Myofibrillogenesis is a complex process involving genetic regulation, protein synthesis and organization, biomechanical influences, and intercellular interactions. Its understanding is crucial for fundamental biology, medicine, and the development of methods for restoring muscle tissue in pathological conditions.