Islam dan Modernitas: Tinjauan Kritis terhadap Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer

The study of the relationship between Islam and modernity has become an important discourse in contemporary Islamic thought, especially in responding to the dynamics of global social, political and cultural change. This research aims to critically examine how contemporary Islamic thinkers understand and formulate Islam's position in facing the challenges of modernity, including issues such as democracy, human rights, pluralism, and science and technology. The approach used in this research is a literature review, with a content analysis method of academic works and thoughts of figures such as Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Amina Wadud, and Tariq Ramadan. The research results show that contemporary Islamic thought is not monolithic, but consists of a wide spectrum of approaches, ranging from reformist, revivalist, to progressive. Each offers a different interpretation of Islamic texts and sharia principles in a modern context. In the discussion it was found that these thinkers agreed on the need to contextualize Islamic teachings, but differed in methodology and limits of interpretation. The conclusions of this research emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in understanding Islam and modernity in order to be able to respond to the challenges of the times without losing the integrity of Islamic values. The implications of this research can be a contribution to the development of Islamic studies that are more open, critical and contextual, as well as being an important reference in formulating Islamic education curricula and da'wah strategies in the era of globalization.