RESEARCH OF OPERATING RELIABILITY OF PORTAL CRANES "GANZ" 5-30 RIVER PORT

Portal cranes are a key piece of equipment in any modern port. They perform the indispensable function of moving cargo between ships and the coastal zone, guarantee prompt and productive handling of containers, various cargoes, bulk materials and other types of products, which directly affects the speed of cargo turnover and profitability of the port. The efficiency of loading and unloading operations in river ports is largely determined by the availability and serviceability of portal cranes. However, unfortunately, in Ukraine a significant part (over 90%) of these cranes have already exhausted their service life, but continue to be actively used. This creates a serious problem, as stable and uninterrupted operation of portal cranes is critical for continuous functioning of the port infrastructure.The study analyzed malfunctions of the mechanisms of GANZ portal cranes with a lifting capacity of 5 tons that occur during operation under heavy load conditions in a river port. Within the framework of the study, 16 cranes of the same type with a lifting capacity of 5 tons, operating in the grapple mode in the water areas of river ports, were selected. Data from the maintenance and repair logs of these cranes for the period from 2015 to 2022 were used for the analysis. Based on the collected data, the availability factors were calculated. The analysis of the study results showed that the largest number of failures was found in the mechanisms for moving, lifting and changing the reach of the crane boom. The main reasons for the failure of the lifting mechanisms are the wear of brake pulleys, destruction and wear of shafts and bearings in gearboxes. The failures of the slewing mechanisms are mainly due to damage to the coupling that connects the gearbox to the open gear. Failures of the boom outreach change mechanisms are caused by damage to the rack and pinion teeth, hinge joints, bearings, and dampers. The identified malfunctions of the mechanisms were caused by non-compliance with the established requirements for their operation and repair. The cause of defects in the mechanisms is a violation of the operating procedures and repair processes.