Analyzing key challenges in IOT networks: routing, resource management, and energy efficiency in optical communication using the firefly algorithm

Abstract The increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications necessitates efficient network management in terms of routing, resource allocation, and energy consumption. Optical communication provides a high-speed, reliable medium for IoT connectivity, but optimizing its performance remains a challenge. This research explores the integration of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) for improving routing efficiency, resource management, and energy conservation in optical IoT networks. A comparative analysis with traditional optimization techniques demonstrates the superiority of FA in enhancing network performance. The proposed method is validated through simulation results, showing significant improvements in data transmission latency, energy consumption, and resource utilization. Additionally, this paper integrates insights from recent advancements in nature-inspired routing protocols, machine learning-based optimization techniques, and edge computing solutions.