Passive Design of Natural Ventilation System for Thermal Comfort in Saminah Sihyadi Mosque, Surakarta, Indonesia

The design of the mosque building influences the level of comfort for the congregation in worship, including thermal comfort. Located in a dense area, the Saminah Sihyadi Mosque applies a passive design to provide thermal comforts, such as a vast opening system. This article aims to study the condition of natural ventilation in the Saminah Sihyadi Mosque and the opening system applied according to Indonesian standards. The research measured the temperature, humidity, and wind velocity using an Environment Meter. Measurements were conducted five times, following the order of the prayer times over two days with different types of opening. The measurement results are compared with Indonesian National Standards (Standar Nasional Indonesia or SNI) to determine the suitability of the comfort level. The Saminah Sihyadi Mosque has sufficient openings according to standards. The measurement results show that the passive design can reduce the temperature and humidity inside the mosque compared to conditions outside the mosque. The wind moved at a speed that meets thermal comfort standards, ensuring that the implemented passive design successfully regulates thermal comfort.