A Clinical Profile Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, which is simply referred to as eczema, is a common persistent skin condition that impacts children and infants across the globe, accounting for 10-30% of them. Extreme itching, skin swelling, infections, and additional itching characterize it. There has been a rise in the incidence of the disease in the last 30 years primarily due to the effluent environment, breastfeeding, increased prevalence and awareness of the disease, and urbanization. The present study aimed to describe the clinical aspects of children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, fulfilling the Hanifin and Rajka clinical criteria, visiting outpatient clinics of pediatrics and dermatology. Also, the study had a specific objective of identifying the possible factors that could worsen atopic dermatitis among the participants in the study. This trial covered 59 kids with atopic dermatitis; they filled questionnaires concerning their age, sex, complaints, things that worsen their condition, age of disease onset, and related symptoms. The other explored history included dietary one, breastfeeding history and the family or individual atopic history. A clinical assessment was carried out comprising localization and type of lesions and other features. It was revealed that females experience more atopic dermatitis than males and most of the children are affected from an early age. Food intolerance was the most common reason reported, with milk as the most frequent substance, followed by wool and lipid solvents. Half of the patients showed aggravation during the cold season. Dermatitic lesions involved the face and flexural areas more compared with the limbs. We found that 30 percent of the patients took complementary therapies, while 30 percent were malnourished. This work examined 59 children with atopic dermatitis ranging from 2 months to 12 years. It found that females were more affected than males, with an M: F ratio of 0.84:1. The most common manifestation experienced by the patients was purpuritus which was worse at night in about one-third of the population. Recurrence during the particular season was noticeable in half of the patients. Facial rash and flexural areas of extremities were found to be more affected by dermatitic lesions.