Navigating Nigeria's path to sustainable energy: Challenges, opportunities, and global insight

This study investigates strategies for achieving sustainable road transport in Nigeria, focusing on energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) through technological innovation, organizational management, and energy system upgrades. Nigeria, the largest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), faces significant energy challenges, including a growing demand for energy, heavy reliance on fossil fuels, and limited penetration of renewable energy sources, which account for less than 10 % of the total energy mix. This research identifies the pressing need to transition to sustainable energy systems in the road transport sector, a key contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study addresses the gap in policy and technical frameworks for integrating intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and renewable energy solutions in Nigeria's road transport sector. A multi-method approach, including literature review, data analysis, and scenario modeling, was used to evaluate the impacts of advanced vehicle technologies, organizational management practices, and alternative energy systems, such as hydrogen and biogas. Key findings reveal the potential of smart traffic systems, flexible fuel substitution programs, and urban planning reforms to optimize economic and environmental outcomes. This research underscores the significance of technological advancements, efficient management practices, and a transition to renewable energy to meet Nigeria's growing transport demands sustainably. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers to enhance Nigeria's sustainable transport frameworks, contributing to the global agenda for reducing GHG emissions and achieving energy security in SSA. • Explores energy challenges and socioeconomic impacts of electricity scarcity in Nigeria. • Analyzes Nigeria's renewable energy potential and underutilized resources. • Highlights disparities in urban and rural energy access across the country. • Proposes sustainable energy solutions and policy reforms for Nigeria's energy sector.